江苏省2016年高考英语复习题课时19 阅读理解文体技法2 含答案.docxVIP

课时19　阅读理解文体技法2——说明文Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练【精要提示】　说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。它通过对实体事物(如仪器、产品、自然环境)的解说，或对抽象事理(如概念、原理、定律)的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、种类、成因、功能等有所了解，或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得有关的知识。说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、内容提要、规则章程、解说词等。阅读说明文的关键是：抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时须注意：(1)注意说明的顺序，了解文章的结构，把握文章的脉络。(2)在阅读过程中画出长难句的主干成分(主谓宾)、标出关键词，有的可边看边画草图或结构、流程图。【高考经典练】(2015·浙江卷，C)If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet.Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the suns light.This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us dont think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet its the only way to explain what weve done to the night：Weve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill－designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected.In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark.Weve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost.Weve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁)．The effect is so powerful that scientists spe