I中医论文格式范文.docVIP

呼吸机相关性肺炎的理论分析（黑体四号加粗） 湖南中医药大学2006级护理本科常佩林（宋体5号） 摘要：目的（黑体小四体加粗） 呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）是第二常见的医院获得性感染，并导致原发病死亡率增加到50%。所以它的预防被高度重视并成为重症监护病房工作的重要组成部分。现对呼吸机相关性肺炎有关护理和预防措施进行总结和分析，以便将来减少呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生及提高原发性疾病的治疗效果。方法 针对VAP的病因学及危险因素的分析，采取基础护理及专科护理措施预防呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生。结果 在VAP防治方面，护士起着不可缺少的作用，有些预防和治疗措施必须由护士来身体力行，以减少VAP的发生。结论 在VAP的防治过程中对护士进行相关的教育和培训，并制定一个规范的工作手册对减少VAP的发生无疑是非常重要的。（宋体小四） 关键词：呼吸机 肺炎 分析（同上） Abstract: Goal life-support machine relevant pneumonia (VAP) is the second common hospital acquired character infection, and causes the primary affection mortality rate to increase 50%. Therefore its prevention is taken and becomes the critically ill guardianship hospital ward work the important component. Presently carries on the summary and the analysis to life-support machine relevant pneumonia related nursing and the preventive measure, so that the future will be able to reduce the life-support machine relevant pneumonias occurrence and enhances the treatment result which the primary illness will get sick. The method in view of the VAP etiology and hazard factors analysis, adopts foundation nursing and the faculty nurses the measure prevention life-support machine relevant pneumonia the occurrence. The result in VAP the prevention aspect, nurse is playing the essential role, some preventions and the remedial measure must personally set an example by nurse, reduces VAP the occurrence. The conclusion carries on the related education and training in the VAP prevention process to nurse, and formulates a standard service manual to reduce VAP the occurrence is without doubt very important. （英文Times New Roman体，小四号） key word: Life-support machine pneumonia analyzes （全文宋体小四号字，行距1.5倍） 近年来呼吸机作为呼吸衰竭的抢救措施之一已在临床广泛应用。在呼吸机使用过程中发生的肺炎，称为呼吸机相关肺炎（VAP）。VAP是机械通气患者的常见并发症和重要的致死原因。这一问题越来越引起临床医生的关注。 VAP的诊断标准：气管插管并行呼吸机治疗两天后出现全身发热、血中白细胞升高、胸部X线检查显示肺部的新增或扩大的阴影面积，经防污染标本刷采集到的下呼吸道标本的细菌定量培养≥10cfu.mufiv。VAP是机械通气患者在通气48小时后出现的肺部感染。 VAP的病因学：（黑体小四，加粗） VAP的发生常因致病菌到达下呼吸道所致，到达下呼吸道的途径最常发生也最重要的是来自口腔部和胃肠道的抽吸动作，气管插管或气管内导管的使用使得