alcohol-relatedmotorvehiclecrashescasualmodel-Prevention.doc

Prevention of Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes: Logic Model Documentation Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE) 11720 Beltsville Drive, Suite 900Calverton, MD 20705Tel: (301) 755-2700Fax: (301) 755-2799 February 8, 2008 Contributing authors (in alphabetical order): Johanna D. Birckmayer, Ph.D., M.P.H., Renée I. Boothroyd, Ph.D., M.P.H., Karen B. Friend, Ph.D., Harold D. Holder, Ph.D., and Robert B. Voas, Ph.D. The Logic Models here are a work in progress; no Logic Model is ever complete or final. The goal of this Logic Model is to document the best available research evidence as well as identify gaps or areas in our understanding which need further study or replication in future research. These documents are presented freely for the use of prevention researchers and prevention practitioners, and can be downloaded and reprinted as desired. PIRE respectively requests that any uses or distributions of these documents in part or in whole give credit to the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD. Table of Contents I. Definition 1 Alternative Measurements or Indicators 1 II. Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crash Causal Model 8 III. Documentation of Intermediate Variables, Relationships, and Prevention Strategies 9 Driving After Drinking 11 Community Norms about Drinking and Driving 21 Perceived Risk of DUI Arrest 28 Public Awareness of Drinking-and-Driving Enforcement 34 DUI Enforcement 37 Community Activism About DUI Enforcement 44 DUI Enforcement 45 Drinking 48 Drinking and Driving 54 Alcohol Serving and Sales Practices 58 Alcohol Sales and Service—Regulations, Enforcement, and Sanctions 65 Retail Availability 72 Price 81 Community Norms About Drinking 88 Promotion 96 Drinking Context 101 Social Availability 105 Individual Factors 110 IV. References 113 Definition An alcohol-related motor vehicle crash is any traffic crash in which at least one driver had been drinking before the crash. Appro