CFD-01=02=CFD概述详解.ppt

Modeling (initial conditions) Initial conditions (ICS, steady/unsteady flows) ICs should not affect final results and only affect convergence path, i.e. number of iterations (steady) or time steps (unsteady) need to reach converged solutions. More reasonable guess can speed up the convergence For complicated unsteady flow problems, CFD codes are usually run in the steady mode for a few iterations for getting a better initial conditions Modeling (boundary conditions) Boundary conditions No-slip or slip-free on walls periodic inlet (velocity inlet, mass flow rate, constant pressure, etc.) outlet (constant pressure, zero-gradient) non-reflecting Discretization methods Finite difference method, finite volume method and finite element method Each type of methods above yields the same solution if the grid is fine enough. However, some methods are more suitable to some cases than others Finite difference method for spatial derivatives with different order of accuracies can be derived using Taylor expansions, such as 2nd order upwind scheme, central differences schemes, etc. Higher order numerical methods usually predict higher order of accuracy for CFD, but more likely unstable due to less numerical dissipation Temporal derivatives can be integrated either by the explicit method or implicit method. Discretization methods Explicit methods can be easily applied but yield conditionally stable Finite Different Equations (FDEs), which are restricted by the time step; Implicit methods are unconditionally stable, but need efforts on efficiency. Usually, higher-order temporal discretization is used when the spatial discretization is also of higher order. Stability: A discretization method is said to be stable if it does not magnify the errors that appear in the course of numerical solution process. Selection of discretization methods should consider efficiency, accuracy and special requirements, such as shock wave tracking. Solvers and numerical parameters Solvers include: tridiag