可压缩流预备知识.ppt

PART 3 Inviscid, Compressible Flow ７.2 A BRIEF REVIEW OF THERMODYNAMICS (热力学简要复习） 7.3. DEFINITION OF COMPRESSIBILITY (压缩性定义) All real substances are compressible to some greater or lesser extend. When you squeeze or press on them, their density will change. This is particularly true of gases. (所有的真实物质都是可压缩的,当我们压挤它们时,它们的密度会发生变化,对于气体尤其是这样.) The amount by which a substance can be compressed is given by a specific property of the substance called the compressibility. 物质可被压缩的大小程度称为物质的压缩性。 用可压缩性系数 来度量 。 If the fluid is a gas, where compressibility is large, then for a given pressure change from one point to another in the flow , Eq.(7.37) states that can be large. (如果流体为气体,则 值大,对于一个给定压强变化 ,方程.(7.37)指出, 也会大.) 在一个大气压下： 空气： 水： 一般： ，就必须要考虑压缩性。 7.4 GOVERNING EQUATIONS FOR INVISCID, COMPRESSIBLE FLOW (无粘、可压缩流控制方程) In contrast, for compressible flow, is variable and becomes an unknown. Hence we need an additional equation – the energy equation – which in turn introduces internal energy e as an unknown. 对于可压缩流，相反的是　　　是一个变量， 　并且是一个未知数。　因此，我们需要一个附加方程——能量方程——进而引入未知数内能e。　　 1. Continuity(连续方程） Physical principle: mass can be neither created nor destroyed Net mass flow out of time rate of decrease of control volume = mass inside control volume V through surface S （单位时间）通过控制体表面S流出控制体的净质量流量 ＝控制体内的质量减少率 2. Momentum（动量方程） Physical principle: Force = time rate of change of momentum 　　　　　　　　　　 (7.41) 即（2.64) where are the body forces, such as gravity, or electromagnetic forces In terms of substantial derivative: (7.42a) (7.42b)