《翻译常见问题.docVIP

(一) 常见问题 1. 句型辨认不清 例：Not only _______________(他学习成绩好)，but he does a good job in the community work. 误he studies well. 正does he study well. 析not only… but (also) 句型中not only 置于句首是个典型的部分倒装句，需把助动词提到主语的前面。 例：I’ll never forget the countryside ______________ (我在那儿度过了我的童年时光). 误I spent my childhood there. 正where / in which I spent my childhood. 析 这是一个定语从句。“the countryside” 在后面的从句中作地点状语，故而选用where或in which作关系副词连接定语从句。 2. 语法使用混乱 (1) 时态、语态混淆使用 例：Since three years ago, ____________________ (我就一直在纽约工作). 误I worked in New York. 正I have been working in New York. 析 由since 引导的时间状语，主句用完成时或者完成进行时。 例：The enemy retreated in a hurry, _____________ (丢下许多武器). 误with many weapons leaving behind 正leaving behind many weapons / with many weapons left behind / and many weapons were left behind 析 本题需区分“敌人”，“武器”及“丢下”之间的关系。“敌人”与“丢下”是主动关系，而“丢下”与“武器”是动宾关系，宾语提前则需用被动。 (2) 主谓不一致 例：She is the only one of the students ______________ (受过表彰的) 误 who have been awarded 正 who has been awarded 析 本句的意思是: 她是那些学生当中唯一受过表彰的人。填入的定语从句修饰的先行词应是 “the only one”, 而不是 “the students”, 因此定语从句的谓语应使用单数形式。很多学生误以为先行词是 “the students”，所以错用了“have”。 (3) 虚拟语气混用 例：______________________(如果采用急救措施)，the child would have survived. 误If he was / were given the first aid 正If he had been given the first aid 析 本句是对过去的虚拟，主句应该使用if sb. had done sth.。 例：It is high time that _________________________ ( 我们下定决心). 误we have made / will make our determination 正we made our determination 析 本句是固定的虚拟语气句型：It is (high) time that + 主语 + 谓语(过去式) / should。 (4) 非谓语动词使用不当 例：I am sorry for _______________(让您久等). 误have kept you to wait for so long a time 正having kept you waiting for so long a time 析 首先，for 作为介词，后面需跟名词或动名词；其次，keep 后应跟现在分词而不是不定式。 例：I went to the repair shop to _________________ (把我的表给修了). 误have my watch to be repaired / have my watch repair 正have my watch repaired 析have sth. done意为“让某事被做”，使用过去分词。另外，还有have sb. do / doing sth.的用法，表示“让某人（一直）做某事”。 3. 选词用字不当 (1) 固定搭配使用不当 例：I will appreciate it _____ (如果你能帮我一个忙). 误if you can make me a favor 正if yo