unit1Grammar完成时说课.ppt

* * * * 现在完成时 　　 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成： have （has） +过去分词。 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in 1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, up to now, in the past … years等，皆不确定的时间状语。 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know。 　 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续） （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. This is the first time （that） Ive heard him sing.　 注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如： 　 This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 典型例题 （1） ---Do you know our town at all?　 　 ---No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was　 B. have been　 C. came　 D. am coming （2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before? 　 ---No, its the first time I ___ here. A. even, come　 B. even, have come　　 C. ever, come　 D. ever, have come 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I received this letter a month ago. （对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 比较since和for：Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如： 　　I have lived here for more than twenty years. 　　I have lived here since I was born. 注意：并非有for 时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 　　 I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。） 　　 I have wo