Unit 7 Cause and Effect.ppt

Contents I. Cause and Effect Analysis II. Types of Cause-Effect Pattern III. Cause-and-Effect Discouse at Paragraph Level IV. How to write a cause-and-effect paragraph I. Cause and Effect Analysis Cause and effect analysis is a form of logical writing in which the writer examines the causes and /or effects of something. In cause and effect analysis, the cause usually refers to one or several actions，events，attitudes， and conditions in the past，which explains why something happened. It helps to answer the question Why? The effect，on the other hand，examines the consequences of the cause. It answers the question So what? 1.1 Writing Application The application of such analysis is: To explain why certain things happen； To analyze what will happen as a result； To organize and present ideas in a logical way. 1.2 Writing Purpose Generally speaking, the purpose of writing a cause and effect essay is to find out and analyze both the cause and the effect of a certain event. But in some cases, your essay may just focus on the causes of a certain event or just on the effects of a certain event. Therefore, when you are collecting materials for the writing, you should know clearly whether you are going to find out the causes or analyze the effects, or both. If you are going to find out the causes for a certain event, you look back on the past to see what causes it to happen. On the other hand, if you are going to analyze the effects of a certain event, you look into the future to make some predictions. Always remember to consider your audience! 1.3 Formation of a Cause-and-Effect Essay I. Introduction: anything that will get your reader to ask “ Why” or “Why did you say that?” e.g. Smoking has a number of bad effects on people, both smokers and non-smokers around them. II. Body: the causes and effects of a certain event III. Conclusion: you may advise the readers, predict the future or summarize the points mentioned in the body paragraph. 1.4 Semantic St