物理專业英语翻译.docVIP

第一章 Our material world(物质世界) is composed of many substances distinguished(区别) by their chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties(特性). They are found in nature in various physical states(物理状态)---the familiar solid, liquid, and gas, along with(连同) the ionic plasma (等离子体) However, the apparent diversity(多样性) of kinds and forms of material is reduced by the knowledge that there are only a little over 100 distinct chemical elements(元素) and that the chemical and physical features of substances depend merely on the strength of force bonds(结合) between atoms. 我们的物质世界(物质世界)是由许多物质(以区别区别被其化工、机械、、电气性能(特性)。他们是在大自然中找到的材料在不同的物理状态(物理状态)——而且熟悉的固体、液体和气体,随着(连同)离子“等离子体”(等离子体)然而,明显的多样性(多样性)各类形式的资料将减少知识只有一个小超过100种特定的化学元素(元素),化学和物理特征的物质的力量仅仅看力债券(结合)之间的原子。 In turn(依次), the distinctions between the elements of nature arise from(起于) the number and arrangement of basic particles(基本粒子)—electrons(电子), protons(质子), and neutrons(中子). At both the atomic and nuclear levels, the structure of elements is determined by internal forces and energy(内力和内能). 1.1 FORCES AND ENERGY（力和能量）反过来(依次),区别自然元素(源自起于)电话号码和安排基本粒子)-electrons基本粒子(电子),质子((质子),和中子(中子)。在两个原子与核水平,结构是由元素的内力和能量(内力和内能)。11力量和能量(力和能量 If the specific heat of iron is 0.45J/g·oC, how much energy is required to bring 0.5kg of iron from 0 oC to 100 oC? 如果的比热铁变形、0.45J / g·需要多少能量将铁0.5kg从0(oC)到100(oC)吗? State the concept of temperature. Whats the difference between the Celsius scale and Kelvin scale? 国家温度的概念。有何区别式温标摄氏度的规模和吗? Give some examples of SI units? 1.6 SUMMARY（概要） Associated with each basic type of force is an energy, which may be transformed to another form for practical use.The addition of thermal energy to a substance causes an increase in temperature, the measure of particle motion.Electromagnetic radiation arising from electrical devices, atoms or nuclei may be considered as composed of waves or of photons.Matter can be converted into energy and vice versa（反之亦然）; according to Einsteins formula E = mc2.The energy of nuclear fissi