狹缝缝宽和细丝直径的测量.docxVIP

编号：课程设II（论文）计说明书狭缝缝宽和细丝直径测量电子工程与自动化学院30217张副教授题目：院（系）：专业：学生姓名：学号：指导教师：职称：2016年1月20日摘 要本课题主要目的是狭缝缝宽和细丝直径的测量。微小物体的测量在生产和科研中有很重要的作用，光学衍射法测量微小物体的直径是一种非破坏性，精度高的方法。利用光的单缝衍射效应：光传播过程中遇到障碍物时，当障碍物（小孔、狭缝、毛发、细丝等）的线度与光的波长相差不多时，所发生的偏离直线传播的现象。即光可绕过障碍物，传播到障碍物的几何阴影区域中，并在障碍物后的CCD相机上捕捉到光强不均匀分布的图样，这样的图样为衍射图样。另外根据巴比涅原理，两个互补屏单独产生的衍射场的复振幅之和等于没有屏时的复振幅，，对于单缝的夫琅和费衍射，除点光源在像平面的像点之外有U=0，即像点外两个互补屏所产生的衍射图形，其形状和光强完全相同，仅位相相差，所以也可用丝线代替单缝进行衍射。把CCD相机采集到的衍射图样用MATLAB进行图像处理，即可计算出衍射图样暗纹或亮纹之间的间距。关键词：单缝衍射；衍射图样；巴比涅原理AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to measure the slit width and the diameter of the filament. The measurement of small objects is very important in the production and scientific research. The optical diffraction method is a non-destructive method to measure the diameter of micro objects.The light of the single seam diffraction effects: light propagation encountered obstacles when obstacle pin hole and slit, hair, filaments, etc.) and the linear dimension of the light wave looks almost, the deviation travels in straight lines. The light can bypass the obstacles, spread to the area of the geometric shadow of obstacles, and in the obstacle after the CCD camera to capture the light intensity distribution of the pattern, so that the pattern for the diffraction pattern. Also according to Babinets principle, two complementary screen alone produces a diffraction field of complex amplitude is equal to no screen the complex amplitude, for single slit Fraunhofer diffraction, in addition to the point light source in a plane like beyond the point of U=0, that point as two complementary screen produced by diffraction pattern, its shape and intensity are exactly the same, only phase difference PI, so also available thread instead of single slit diffraction. CCD camera to collect the diffraction pattern with MATLAB for image processing, you can calculate the distance between the diffraction pattern of dark lines or bright lines.Key words：Single slit diffraction；Diffraction pattern；Babinet principle目 录引言