固体表面化学Chapter1报告.ppt

固体表面化学 Chemistry on Solid Surfaces 参考书 内 容Contents Chapter 1 Surfaces-An Introduction 1.1 Historical Perspective J. J. Berzelius (1779~1848) Wilhelm Ostwald (1853~1932) Josiah Willard Gibbs, 1839-1903年 Irving Langmuir, 1881-1957 Evolution of Surface Sciencein recent 40 years Surface and Interface in nature or our daily life Surface and Interface in nature or our daily life Surface and Interface in nature or our daily life 1.2 Concepts related to surfaces-1 1.2 Concepts related to surfaces-2 Nano Science Surface Science 1.2 Concepts related to surfaces-3 New carbon nanomaterials 4. Internal Surface 1.2 Concepts related to surfaces-4 ZSM-5沸石分子筛 1.2 Concepts related to surfaces-4 5. Adsorption 1.3 Unique features of solid surfaces 1. Surface heterogeneity B. 更微观地看表面 描述表面不均匀性常用的模型 2. Clean Surface UHV要求 1.4 Methods for Surface Characterizations 1. Adsorption 2. Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) 3. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 4. Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) 5. High-Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (HREELS) 6. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (EXAFS) Surface Science Techniques for Molecular-Level Studies 1.2 Concepts related to surfaces-5 当接近表面时，每一个原子或分子都会遇到一个引力使其同表面结合，这一过程称为吸附 (adsorption)。 ? ? 吸附是一般是放热过程，虽然按热力学放热过程的焓变应为负值，但一般DHads表示为正值。 吸附原子或分子在表面的停留时间可用吸附热估算， t0 是表面原子的振动时间10-11～10-12 s 当DHads 63 kJ mol-1 (15 kcal mol-1), t ≈ 1 s 吸附分子的表面浓度 s = Ft F: 单位时间单位面积上流过的气体量(通量) 1 Surface heterogeneity 2 Clean surface and ultra high vacuum (UHV) A. 表面并不平坦 SEM picture of Zn crystal surface STM picture of the (0001) face of Re over a 4000-A2 area 固体表面原子浓度为1015/cm2数量级，为保持表面清洁, 必须保持同表面碰撞的分子数低于某水准 根据气体分子运动论, 在一定T一定P下, 单位时间单位面积上流过的气体量(通量)为 F = P (2pmkBT)1/2 = NAP [2pM(mol/g)RT]1/2 P (Pa) [M(mol/g) T]1/2 = 2.63×1020 P (torr) [M(mol/g) T]1/2 = 3.51×1022 假定M= 28, T= 300 K, P= 3×10-6 torr F= 1.15×1015 molecule cm-2 s-1 换言之, 在P 3 × 10-6 torr 时, 如果每一次碰撞都可使分子在表面吸附的话,