《精》第七讲代词(二).pptVIP

The Seventh Lesson: Pronoun (2) 第七讲：代词（二） 英语的人称代词有三种格：主格（Subjective Case）、宾格（Objective Case）、属格（Genitive Case）。属格代词（Genitive Pronoun）又叫物主代词（Possessive Pronoun），按其语法功能分为名词性属格代词（Nominal Genitive Pronoun）和限定词性属格代词（Determinative Genitive Pronoun）。 名词性属格代词在这里仍叫物主代词（Possessive Pronoun），包括mine，yours, his，hers，ours，yours，theirs。限定词性属格代词包括my，your，his，her，its，our，your，their，在这里已归入限定词一类，叫做物主限定词。 ⑵ 用宾格还是用属格 A）当带有人称代词作主语的-ing分词分句在主句中作 宾语时，人称代词通常用属格。属格代词在这里叫物 主限定词。例如： I want to avoid his / John’s thinking that I don’t want to help. I don’t mind their / the girls’ changing their minds. Exercise 7.1 Just between you and (I, me) that man is crazy. The petition was drafted by Nelson, Wright, Mansfield, and (I, me). Everybody, including (I, me), failed the test. Mark was very hurt and began spreading many lies about Troy and (she, her). The child (who, whom) we thought was lost was found in the next block. （1）物主代词 如前所述，这里所讲的物主代词仅指名词性属格代词，包括mine，yours，his，hers，ours，yours，theirs，列表如下： （2）反身代词 反身代词即人称代词的反身形式（Reflexive Form）。英语的反身代词有myself，yourself，himself，itself，oneself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves等。 反身代词可在句中作同位语、宾语、主语补语以及介词补足成分等。反身代词的这些用法可以归纳尾两大类：即强调性用法（Emphatic Use）与非强调性用法（Unemphatic Use）。 （3）人称代词的类指用法 人称代词及其属格形式和反身形式通常指特定的人或物，这是人称代词的特指用法（Specific Reference）。但是，某些人称代词也可泛指一般的人或物。这就是人称代词的类指用法（Generic Reference）。 英语中能泛指一般“人们”的代词有四个，即one，we，you，they。one作为类指的人称代词，其意义相当如people，包括说话人和听话人在内，有属格形式one’s，也有反身形式oneself。例如： One can only do one’s best. One should not overwork oneself. Exercise7.2 Correct errors, if any, in the following sentences: Jane and himself collaborated on a new novel. （1）后照应、前照应、语境照应 凡是指代对象出现子在上下文，随后的代词必须回过头来与它形成照应关系，这就是“后照应”。例如： Bob told Lucy that Ruth was leaving, but she didn’t believe him. （3）指示照应 指示照应是由指示代词和指示限定词（Demonstrative Determiner）实现的照应关系。指示代词和指示限定词通常都可以比较自由地用于后照应。例如： The platforms extend to the depth of 100 feet under the sea. These alone took 16 months to build. I’m going to buy the house. That will cost me a lot of money. Exercise7.