《西工大机电专业英语翻译.docxVIP

Text 1 Phases of Aircraft DesignConceptual Design Aircraft design can be broken into three major phases, Conceptual Design, Preliminary Designand Detail Design. Conceptual design is the primary focus of this book. It is in conceptual design that the basic questions of configuration arrangement, size and weight, and performance are answered. The first question is, “Can an affordable aircraft be built that meets the requirements?” If not, the customer may wish to relax the requirement. Conceptual design is a very fluid process. New ideas and problems emerge as a design is investigated in ever-increasing detail. Each time the latest design is analyzed and sized, it must be redrawn to reflect the new gross weight, fuel weight, wing size, engine size, and other changes. Early wing-tunnel tests often reveal problems requiring some changes to the configuration. The steps of conceptual design are described later in more detail. 飞机设计可以分成三个主要的阶段：概念设计、初步设计和详细设计。本书主要讨论概念设计。飞机外形，尺寸和重量以及性能等基本问题在概念设计阶段都将得到答案。第一个问题是：“能否生产出经济上可以承受，性能上满足要求的飞机？”如果答案是否定的，那么订购商应该考虑放宽要求。概念设计是一个灵活多变的过程。新的想法和新的问题都会随着设计的进一步细化而出现。每一次最新的设计经过分析和定尺寸后，都要重新绘制草图以体现出新的总重，油料重量，机翼尺寸，发动机尺寸和其它变化。早期的风动测试通常会反应出很多的问题，需要对飞机的外形进行改进。我们将在后面更加详细的讨论概念设计的步骤。Preliminary Design Preliminary design can be said to begin when the major changes are over. The big questions such as whether to use a canard or an aft tail have been resolved. The configuration arrangement can be expected to remain about as shown on current drawings, although minor revisions may occur. At some point late in preliminary design, even minor changes are stopped when a decision is made to freeze the configuration. During preliminary design the specialists in areas such as structures, landing gear, and control systems will design and analyze their portion of the aircraft. Testing is initiated in areas such as aerodynamics, propulsion, structures, and stability and control. A mockup may be constructed at this point. 初步设计可以说在主要的改进结束后就开始了。像要采用鸭翼还是尾翼等的重要问题已经被确定下来了。虽然会