《新》安徽工业大学 软件工程 课件 方木云 ch3.pptVIP

Software Processes (软件过程) Coherent sets of activities for specifying, designing, implementing and testing software systems （定义、设计、实现和测试等一系列活动） Generic software process models（一般软件过程模型） The waterfall model （瀑布模型） Evolutionary development （进化式模型） Formal systems development （形式化模型） Reuse-based development （面向复用模型） Waterfall model（瀑布模型） Waterfall model problems（瀑布模型的问题） Inflexible partitioning of the project into distinct stages（僵化的阶段划分） This makes it difficult to respond to changing customer requirements（不适应需求变化） Therefore, this model is only appropriate when the requirements are well-understood （适用于需求明确的系统） Evolutionary development（进化开发） Exploratory development （演化开发） Objective is to work with customers and to evolve a final system from an initial outline specification. Should start with well-understood requirements Throw-away prototyping（抛弃开发） Objective is to understand the system requirements. Should start with poorly understood requirements Evolutionary development （进化开发） Evolutionary development （进化开发） Problems（问题） Lack of process visibility（过程不可见） Systems are often poorly structured（系统结构不好） Special skills (e.g. in languages for rapid prototyping) may be required（需要一些技巧） Applicability（适用于） For small or medium-size interactive systems 中等规模的交互系统 For parts of large systems (e.g. the user interface) 大系统的一部分 For short-lifetime systems 生命周期短的系统 Formal systems development（形式化系统开发） Based on the transformation of a mathematical specification through different representations to an executable program （基于数学模型） Transformations are ‘correctness-preserving’ so it is straightforward to show that the program conforms to its specification （正确转换） Embodied in the ‘Cleanroom’ approach to software development（净室方法） Formal systems development （形式化系统开发） Formal transformations （形式化转换） Formal systems development （形式化系统开发） Problems（问题） Need for specialised skills and training to apply the technique Difficult to formally specify some aspects of the system such as the user interfac