膜技術和环境保护中的水处理_英文翻译.docVIP

Application of membrane in water treatment The application of membrane in water treatment depends on it s effectiveness of separation and cost of process. As an advanced separation technology , it is endowed with many advantages : high selectivity , applicability under ambient temperature without phase change , low cost of energy , high level of automation ,low pollution and etc. 1 Desalination of seawater and black water RO is the most economical way for the desalination of seawater and black water. The energy consumption is less than 5 kW·h/ t for seawater or 0. 5～3 kW·h/ t for black water. The biggest plant of RO for seawater desalination can produce water 2. 1 ×105m3/ d , for black water is 1. 3 ×105 m3/ d. It seems that RO is the best method to solve the problem of drinking water and industrial water in the draught areas. It can be verified by the fact that most of the largest desalination plant s are located in Middle East as shown in tab. 2[3 ] . 2 Purification of drinking water Membrane is the best tool for the purification of drinking water because it can remove the suspended substance , bacteria , toxic metallic components and organic components to improve the water quality. 90 % of the city water is productive water, only 9 % supplied water is the domestic water and only 1 % is drinking water. To supply water separately for the resident zones is an effective way to improve the quality of drinking water. Supplying water separately is to treat the 1 % supplied water with membrane for special purpose. Separate supply system has been built in some resident zones of Beijing and Shenyang , which mainly use RO membrane. Tab. 2 The largest five desalination plant s in the world Country Production capacity (m3/ d) Unit number Work year Membrane company Saudi Arabia 128 000 15 1998 TOYOBO Saudi Arabia 90 909 15 1999 DUPONT Saudi Arabia 56 800 10 1989 TOYOBO Saudi Arabia 56 800 10 1994 TOYOBO Spain 56 400 10 1998 DUPONT The world total capacity of desa