《论违约的形态.doc

论违约的形态 内容摘要：违约形态是指根据违约行为违反义务的性质和特点而对违约行为所做的分类。我国的合同法主要分为预期违约和实际违约两大类。其中，实际违约又称根本违约，分为完全不履行和不完全履行。不同的违约行为需要承担相应的违约责任，并有与之对应的特定的救济方式。了解不同的违约形态，不仅有利于当事人在违约情况下寻求良好的补救方式，更好的去维护当事人的合法利益，而且也有利于司法裁判人员根据不同的违约情形而确定违约当事人所应负的责任，从而确定合同是否可以被解除。此外，这对我国合同规则的完善和我国合同法内在体系的和谐性也起着非常重要的作用。 关键词：违约的形态 违约责任 预期违约 实际违约 救济方式 Abstract: Default situation is the nature and characteristics of the violation of obligations under default default The classification of 。 Contract law in China is mainly divided into anticipatory breach of contract and the actual breach of two broad categories. Where actual defaults also known as the default, divided into not exercising and not completely performed. Need different default bear corresponding liability and the corresponding specific remedies. Learn about the different default forms, not only in favour of the party in default seeking good remedy, better to protect the legitimate interests of the parties, but also to the administration of Justice under different circumstances determine defaults of default the responsibility of the parties, to determine whether the contract can be cancelled. In addition, the contract rules of perfect harmony of inner system and Chinas contract law also played an important role ①. Key words: Default forms liability anticipatory actual defaults remedies 目录 摘要????????????????????????????????1 一、违约形态的概念及其分类?????????????????????2 （一）违约形态的概念??????????????????????2 （二）违约形态的分类??????????????????????3 二、预期违约????????????????????????????4 （一）预期违约的概念???????????????????????4 （二）预期违约的构成要件?????????????????????5（三）预期违约的法律救济手段??????????????????5 三、实际违约????????????????????????????7 （一）实际违约的构成要件及界定标准????????????????7 （二）实际违约的后果???????????????????????7 四、违约行为的救济方式???????????????????10 参考文献?????????????????????????????11 一、违约形态的概念及其分类 （一）违约形态的概念 违约形态，又称违约行为形态，是指根据违约行为违反的合同义务的性质和特点而对违约行为所作的分类。 （二）违约形态的分类 违约形态的分类有很多种，不同的国家有不同的分类方法。最早将违约形态分类的是罗马法。罗马法将违约形态分为完全不履和迟延履行两种其中完全不履行又包括拒绝履行和不能履行两种情况。法国民法典将违约形态分为不履