t h e c a r d i o v a s c u l a r s y s t e m b l o o d v e s s e l s a n d h e m o d y n a m i c s（t h e c v r d i o s c u l r s y s t e m b l o o d v e s s e l s n d h e m o d y n m i c s）（23页）.docVIP

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t h e c a r d i o v a s c u l a r s y s t e m b l o o d v e s s e l s a n d h e m o d y n a m i c s（t h e c v r d i o s c u l r s y s t e m b l o o d v e s s e l s n d h e m o d y n m i c s）（23页）.doc

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t h e c a r d i o v a s c u l a r s y s t e m b l o o d v e s s e l s a n d h e m o d y n a m i c s（t h e c v r d i o s c u l r s y s t e m b l o o d v e s s e l s n d h e m o d y n m i c s）（23页）

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics Name the main blood vessel types. There are three main categories of blood vessels that form a closed system of tubes leading from the heart, to the tissues, and back to the heart: arteries, capillaries, and veins. A. Anatomy of blood vessels 1. Arteries What is an artery? An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart and toward the tissues. Each artery has a wall consisting of three layers surrounding a hollow center called the lumen. Identify each of the following as pertains to arteries: Tunica intima -- The innermost coat of all blood vessels is the tunica interna (intima). It consists of a simple squamous endothelium lying on its basement membrane and a thin connective tissue component called the internal elastic lamina. Tunica media -- The middle coat, known as the tunica media, consists of two components: elastin fibers, and smooth muscle. These tissues are arranged circumferentially about the artery and longitudinally through the length of the vessel. Tunica adventitia -- The outermost coat, the tunica externa (adventitia) consists of two components: elastin fibers and collagen fibers. These fibers form a connective tissue wrap for the vessel. Name and define the two functional properties of arteries. The structure of arteries gives them two important functional properties: elasticity and contractility. Elasticity is the ability to return to a resting length after being stretched. Vascular smooth muscle is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. In response, the cells shorten and thicken. This is contractility. What is elastic recoil? As blood is ejected into the large arteries, their walls expand to accommodate the increased blood flow. As the ventricles relax, the elastic recoil of the arterial wall forces the blood forward through the system. It is this pressure exerted by arteries during diastole of the ventricles that mai