過程装备与控制工程专业英语翻译4.docVIP

Reading Material 4 Stresses in Cylindrical Shells due to Internal Pressure The classic equation for determining stress in a thin cylindrical shell subjected to pressure is obtained from Fig.1.16. Summation of forces perpendicular to plane ABCD gives: PL ．2r =2σLt or σ= Where P=pressure, L=length of cylinder ,σ=hoop stress ,r=radius, t=thickness The strain ε is defined as ε=_ or ε = Also ε= The radial deflection of a cylindrical shell subjected to internal pressure is obtained by substituting the quantity into Eq.(1.18). Hence for thin cylinders W= Where W= radial deflection, E= modulus of elasticity Equations (1.17) and (1.20) give accurate results when 0. As decreases,however , a more accurate expression is needed because the stress distribution through the thickness is not uniform. Recourse is then made to the thick shell theory first developed by Lame. The derived equations are based on the forces and stresses shown in Fig.1.18.The theory assumes that all shearing stresses are zero due to symmetry and a plane that is normal to the longitudinal axes before pressure is applied remains plane pressurization. In other words ,?1 is constant at any cross section A relationship between σ and σ can be obtained by taking a free-body diagram of ring dr as shown in Fig.118b. Summing forces in the vertical direction and neglecting higher-orde terms ,we then haveσ—σ= A second relationship is written as σ=[ε(1-μ) +μ（ε+ε）] σ= [ε(1-μ)+μ（ε+ε）] σ= [ε(1-μ)+μ（ε+ε）] Substituting Eqs.(1.18) and (1.19) into the first two expressions of Eq.(1.22) and substituting the result into Eq.(1.21) results in: +—=0 A solution of this equation is W=Ar+ Where A and B are constants of integration and are determined by first substituting Eq.(1.23) into the first one of Eq.(1.22) and applying the boundary conditions σ= —p at r=r at σ= —p at r=r Expression (1.23) then becomes: w= — μrε+［r(1-μ