中国农业科学2008,412450-459.docVIP

提高肥料利用率技术研究进展 闫 湘1，金继运1,2,3，何 萍1,2,3，梁鸣早1,3 （1中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081；2农业部植物营养与养分循环重点实验室，北京 100081； 3国际植物营养研究所中国项目部，北京 100081） 摘要：如何提高肥料利用率、减少由于肥料损失带来的环境污染是长期以来全球共同关注的课题。针对我国肥料利用率低、氮肥损失严重的现状，本文综述了除传统提高肥料利用率技术以外的几项其它技术的最新研究进展，主要包括应用实时、实地氮肥管理技术快速、无损检测作物氮素营养状况，进行作物推荐施肥；研发新型缓/控释肥料，调控肥料养分的供应；运用农田养分精准管理技术，因地制宜、精细准确地施用肥料；通过脲酶抑制剂或硝化抑制剂，有效地抑制NH3挥发和NO3--N淋溶损失等。并对今后提高肥料利用率技术进行了展望。 关键词：肥料利用率；实时、实地氮肥管理；缓/控释肥料；农田养分精准管理技术；脲酶/硝化抑制剂 Recent Advances in Technology of Increasing Fertilizer Use Efficiency YAN Xiang1, JIN Ji-yun1,2,3, HE Ping1,2,3, LIANG Ming-zao1,3 (1Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081; 2Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081; 3International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) China Program, Beijing 100081) Abstract: To increase fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) and to minimize its negative impact on environment has been a focal point in the world for a long time. It is very important to increase fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) in China for its relatively low FUE and serious losses of nutrient. Recent advances in technologies of increasing FUE are reviewed in this article. The technologies include site-specific and real-time nitrogen management, non-destructive quick test of nitrogen status of plants, new types of slowly release and controlled release fertilizers, site specific nutrient management, and use of urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor to decrease nitrogen losses. Future outlook in technologies related to FUE improvement is also discussed. Key words: Fertilizer use efficiency; Site-specific/real-time nitrogen management; Slowly release/controlled release fertilizer; Site specific nutrient management; Urease/nitrification inhibitor 化肥是农业持续发展的物质保证，是粮食增产的基础。世界农业发展的实践证明，施用化肥是最快、最有效、最重要的增产措施。从1980年起，国化肥施用量以年均4%的速度增长，目前，国已成为世界上最大的化肥生产国和消费国。尽管