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* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Biofuels raised in the GreenhouseAn Economic Perspective Bruce A. McCarl Regents Professor of Agricultural Economics Texas AM University Presented at Intersection of Energy and Agriculture: Implications of Biofuels and the Search for a Fuel of the Future University of California, Berkeley October 5, 2007 Collaborators Darius Adams, Oregon State Ralph Alig, USDA Forest Service Gerald Cornforth, TAMU Greg Latta, Oregon State Brian Murray, Duke Dhazn Gillig, TAMU/AMEX Chi-Chung Chen, TAMU, NTU Mahmood El-Halwagi, TAMU Uwe Schneider, University of Hamburg Ben DeAngelo, EPA Ken Andrasko, EPA Steve Rose, EPA Francisco de la Chesnaye, EPA Ron Sands, PNNL, Maryland Heng-Chi Lee, Taiwan Thien Muang, TAMU Kenneth Szulczyk, TAMU Michael Shelby, EPA Sharyn Lie, EPA Sources of Support USDA DOE USEPA CSiTE Topics of the day Biofuels and GHGs Biofuel economics Effects of energy price and GHG incentives Sector effects An Aside From a GHG perspective Biofuels ≠ Ethanol Particularly corn or sugar ethanol GHG offset = a1 * crop ethanol + a2 * cell ethanol + a3 * biodiesel + a4 * bio fueled electricity Greenhouse Gasses and Biofuels Feedstocks take up CO2 when they grow then CO2 is emitted when feedstocks burned or when energy derivatives burned But Starred areas also emit In total they increase emissions but recycled on net Emit CO2 Absorb CO2 Source of underlying graphic: Smith, C.T. , L. Biles, D. Cassidy, C.D. Foster, J. Gan, W.G. Hubbard, B.D. Jackson, C. Mayfield and H.M. Rauscher, “Knowledge Products to Inform Rural Communities about Sustainable Forestry for Bioenergy and Biobased Products”, IUFRO Conference on Transfer of Forest Science Knowledge and Technology, Troutdale, Oregon, 10-13 May 2005 Please Pretend the growing stuff includes crops Offset Rates Computed Through Lifecycle Analysis Ethanol offsets are in comparison to gasoline Power plants offsets are in comparison to c