ppt课件-lecture19.ppt-departmentofphysics-purdueuniversity.pptVIP

* * A cube made of solid wood floats when put into water. This means that the cube weighs less than an equal volume of water. the cube weighs the same as an equal volume of water. the cube weighs more than an equal volume of water. Reading Quiz Previous Unit: The Newtonian Revolution What have we learned…. Force, F=ma constant acceleration Third Law torque Gravitational force law g= 9.8 m/s/s Work, energy, power Conservation of energy Conservation of momentum Conservation of angular momentum The New Unit: Fluids and Heat Questions: What are fluids, liquids, gases? What forces do liquids apply to objects? Is the atmosphere a fluid? How do fluids flow? A woman’s high heels sink into the soft ground, but the larger shoes of the much bigger man do not. Pressure = force/area The pressure exerted on the piston extends uniformly throughout the fluid, causing it to push outward with equal force per unit area on the walls and bottom of the cylinder. Pascal’s Principle: Any change in the pressure of a fluid is transmitted uniformly in all directions throughout the fluid. A small force F1 applied to a piston with a small area produces a much larger force F2 on the larger piston. This allows a hydraulic jack to lift heavy objects. Torricelli filled a tube with mercury and inverted it into an open container of mercury. Air pressure acting on the mercury in the dish can support a column of mercury 76 cm in height. How much does the atmosphere weigh? The same as 76 cm of mercury. 76cm mercury=1.01x105 pascals Standard atmospheric pressure 32 feet of water or 14.7Lbs/in2 A balloon that was partially inflated near sea level expanded as the experimenters climbed the mountain. Atmospheric pressure changes with altitude. P1V1 = P2V2 Boyle’s Law Temperature Constant The density of a column of air decreases as altitude increases because air expands as pressure decreases. P1V1 = P2V2 Boyle’s Law The atoms in a liquid are closely packed while those in a gas are separat