ppt课件-mountainbeltsformedatdivergentandconvergentboundaries.pptVIP

Main Features Ocean / continent boundaries As an oceanic plate is subducted beneath a continent, the sediments on the upper surface of the lower plate will be scraped off to produce a wedge of sediment called an accretionary wedge. Where the accretionary wedge is forced directly against the leading edge of continental crust, the subducting plate will be forced down steeply into the asthenosphere where the plate will be partially melted. Steam produced in the process also partially melts the upper mantle. Andesitic magmas are produced from these processes. Mountains will be produced in the continental plate from the compression and uplift of the low density wedge sediments and the sediments and rocks of the continent, and from the intrusion of magma produced from the partial melting in the subduction zone. Rock types Volcanic and plutonic rocks (rich in silica) Andersitic lava Granites and dolerites found in plutons (underground) Metamophic rocks (schists/ gneisses) Features Trench Forarc basin Accretion wedge Violent volcanic activity Fold and thrusts Sedimentary basins Continent / continent boundaries When two continents collide, the ocean between them has been subducted under one of them (consumed). The continents will have been flanked by accreted sediment from the ocean floor that was scraped off from the subduction. This sediment forms into a huge wedge as it is folded, compressed and uplifted. Mountain Belts formed at Divergent and Convergent Boundaries Mountains Formed at Divergent Boundaries Divergent Plate Boundaries Mid Ocean Ridges Continuous underwater mountain chains that extend up to 60,000 km around the globe. Generally around 1500km wide and have peaks around 3km high. Site of most volcanism on earth How are mountains at mid ocean ridges formed Mid-ocean ridges result from convective upwelling of mantle beneath thin oceanic lithosphere. Hot bouyant material in the mantle rises causing the lithosphere above it to form a dome. They are formed alo