ppt课件-opioidsandsucroseanoverview-universityofflorida.pptVIP

Opioids and Sucrose: Why do candy bars taste better than carrots? John Cadwallader General Structure 1) Illustration of basic phenomenon: Intact opioid system Disabled opioid system 2) Brief History of Endogenous Opioid System 3) Theoretical explanation of phenomenon Opioid self-administration Food intake regulation Berridge and Robinson’s Theory 4) Interesting studies Human Brain Plasticity Social Isolation The Endogenous Opioid System: Brief History Opium derived from the poppy seed Papaver somniferum. First reference to the substance dates back to 300B.C. An important active principle in opium was isolated in 19th century and named morphine (after Morpheus, Greek god of dreams). Attempts to separate analgesic properties of these compounds from their addictive properties lead to creation of heroin, meperidine, and methadone. The Endogenous Opioid System: Brief History Opioid receptors in the mammalian brain discovered in 1970. The existence of these receptors and the fact that opioid antagonists exert effects on opiate-naieve subjects lead to discovery of endogenous (naturally occurring in the brain) opioids. Beta-endorphin, enkephalins, dynorphins, more The Endogenous Opioid System: Brief History Multiple receptor subtypes: General antagonists: Naloxone Naltrexone The Yamamoto Experiment Taken 90m after start of drinking of compound No difference between saccharin and sucrose Gastric infused rats show results caused by taste-information and not post-ingestive effects The Yamamoto Experiment After a CTA, beta endorphin is no longer released The Yamamoto Experiment Conclusions Beta-endorphin released in brain upon ingestion of certain solutions More beta-endorphin released for tastes rats are known to prefer (saccharin and sucrose) Disabled Opioid System Lynch 1985 Difference in intake between rats on a normal day and rats treated with naloxone Variable concentrations of saccharine Naloxone dose-dependent response Disabled Opioid System Yirmiya et al 1987 Opio