experimenta4-universityofrochester（13页）.docVIP

EXPERIMENT A4 Impact Strength of Steel and Manufacturing Statistics Summary: In this lab, you will perform a Charpy impact test on a medium steel. You will be introduced to the use of the ASTM Guidelines for materials tests, and to the use of statistical methods for determining how well a manufacturing process is performing. Instructions: The actual experimentation in this lab can be performed in one afternoon. Some library research is also required to answer the questions and to provide background information. Please be careful to follow the experimental steps correctly, because Charpy samples are expensive, and you are limited to 10 per group for impact testing. Ensure that everyone in the group reads the STATISTICS appendix in the lab manual before coming to lab. Background: Charpy Testing Charpy testing was developed in the 1940s as a method of determining the relative impact strength of metals. The Charpy test provides a standard method of studying the impact strength of a component containing a stress concentration. A rectangular beam of metal is notched in the center. It is then placed between two anvils and is broken by a swinging pendulum. By measuring the height to which the pendulum rises after impact compared to the height from which it was dropped, one can find the total energy absorbed by the sample. Of particular interest is the way in which some metals, notably steel, show a marked decrease in impact strength at low temperatures, leading to component failures at stresses well below the rated strength of the metal. A discussion of the impact strength of iron and steel products can be found in the ASM Metals Handbook in the library. The transition from brittle to ductile behavior occurs over a certain temperature range specific to each material. Based on one of several criteria, a transition temperature is usually quoted above which the material is considered ductile, and below which the material may be brittle and suffer cle