Argument中的另一個比较重要的问题.doc

Argument中的另一个比较重要的问题，就是在逻辑谬误找出来之后，如何来理清攻击顺序的问题。有些战友可能会觉得，反正都是攻击，就是那么几个谬误，顺序有什么重要的。其实不然，顺序也是很重要的，尤其是“逻辑顺序”，如果安排好了，更是能体现你在逻辑思维上的优点；而这也正是argument的一个重要的考察点，因此对于攻击的顺序也有必要来学习一下。下面一篇仍然是前段时间我帮同学批改作文过程中，发现的一篇可以拿来分析攻击顺序的习作。和上次的《关于argument谬误攻击深度的入门帖》一样，也只能算是我个人对于这个问题的一点看法。那么，让我们开始吧。首先仍然是题目：The following appeared in a proposal from the economic minister of the country of Paraterra.In order to strengthen its lagging economy, last year the government of the nearby country of Bellegea began an advertising campaign to promote ecologically sound tourism (ecotourism). This year the number of foreign visitors arriving at Bellegeas main airport doubled, and per capita income in Bellegea increased by ten percent. To provide more income for the population of Paraterra and also preserve the natural environment of our tiny country, we too should begin to promote ecotourism. To ensure that our advertising campaign is successful, we should hire the current director of Bellegeas National Tourism Office as a consultant for the campaign.接下去是习作的中间段部分（开头、结尾隐去了，因为和主题没有太大的关系），另外一些基本的错误也已经改掉了：To begin with, the author commits a fallacy of “false analogy” between Bellegea and Paraterra. Since there is no evidence pointing out that these two countries have similar situation, the authors conclusion sounds unconvincing. It is entirely possible that these two countries are of different type, it might be that Bellegea is a country with beautiful natural sites which is suitable for visiting. To the contrary, Paraterra is an economic country with few or even none natural sites. It is possible that most visitors in Paraterra are people who have business there. Thus we cannot convince that a similar situation will happen in Paraterra.[这段攻击的谬误是两个国家之间的false analogy。]Moreover, the author fails to provide more specific information and statistic to substantiate the conclusion that the increasing of visitors was caused by the advertising campaign which they began last year. Lacking such evidence, the co