OtherBitingFlies.pptVIP

Other Biting Flies Horse-flies, Tsetse-flies, House-flies and Stable-flies Family: Tabanidae(Horse-flies and Deer-flies) Tabanus atratus Tabanus nigrovittatus Chrysops atlanticus Large biting flies (65 mm wing) Over 4300 species Worldwide distribution. Medium to large (6-30 mm) Antennae are small but stout Mouthparts adapted for biting, hang downwards from head. Life History Tend to lay eggs near larvarial substrate. Some larvae are predacious Life cycle Eggs ? Larvae ? Pupae ? Adult Most inhabit woods and forest Feeding Habits Bite is painful Most feed during the daytime, locate host by site and CO2. Several small meals often taken from the same or different host. Interrupted feeding behavior increases their likelihood of being mechanical vectors of disease. Prefer dark objects, will bite through colored clothing. Biological Transmission Loiasis (loa loa) Chrysops species are the biological vectors. Microfilaria picked up in blood during day. Develop in thoracic fat bodies of the deer fly. Worms leave the proboscis when deer fly feeds. Human strain of Loiasis Monkey strain of Loiasis Biological Transmission Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Tularaemia – from rabbits, horses and other rodents to humans. Tabanids can transmit viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and filarial worms to livestock Also big pest nuisance. Some people develop allergic reaction. Control: Insect repellents. Family: Glossinidae(Tsetse-flies) Restricted to sub-Saharan Africa. Vector: Parasite: Reservoir: Life History Egg ? Larvae ? Pupae ? Adult Egg completes maturation in ovary Larvae goes through 3 instars in the female Larviposition in shaded areas. Larvae bury itself in soil and pupates. Pupal stage is long. Adults spend day resting on vegitation or dark humid sites. (Twigs, branches, tree trunks) Feeding Habits Both male and females blood feed on humans, wild and domesticated animals, as well as reptiles and amphibians. Feed in dry-hot weather, cooler weather they feed e