ReactorDesign.ppt

Optimum Inlet TemperatureExothermic Rxn Managing Heat Effects Reaction Run Away Exothermic Reaction Dies Endothermic Preventing Explosions Preventing Stalling Inter-stage Cooler Exothermic Equilibria Lowers Temp. Inter-stage Cold Feed Exothermic Equilibria Lowers Temp Lowers Conversion Optimization of Desired Product Reaction Networks Maximize yield, moles of product formed per mole of reactant consumed Maximize Selectivity Number of moles of desired product formed per mole of undesirable product formed Maximum Attainable Region – see discussion in Chap’t. 6. Reactors and bypass Reactor sequences Reactor Design for Selective Product Distribution S,SL Chapt. 7 Overview Parallel Reactions A+B?R (desired) A?S Series Reactions A?B?C(desired)?D Independent Reactions A?B (desired) C?D+E Series Parallel Reactions A+B?C+D A+C?E(desired) Mixing, Temperature and Pressure Effects Examples Ethylene Oxide Synthesis CH2=CH2 + 3O2?2CO2 + 2H2O CH2=CH2 + O2?CH2-CH2(desired) O Examples Diethanolamine Synthesis Examples Butadiene Synthesis, C4H6, from Ethanol Rate Selectivity Parallel Reactions A+B?R (desired) A+B?S Rate Selectivity (αD- αU) 1 make CA as large as possible (βD –βU)1 make CB as large as possible (kD/kU)= (koD/koU)exp[-(EA-D-EA-U)/(RT)] EA-D EA-U T? EA-D EA-U T? Reactor Design to Maximize Desired Product for Parallel Rxns. Maximize Desired Product Series Reactions A?B(desired)?C?D Plug Flow Reactor Optimum Time in Reactor Fractional Yield (k2/k1)=f(T) Real Reaction Systems More complicated than either Series Reactions Parallel Reactions Effects of equilibrium must be considered Confounding heat effects All have Reactor Design Implications Engineering Tricks Reactor types Multiple Reactors Mixtures of Reactors Bypass Recycle after Separation Split Feed Points/ Multiple Feed Points Diluents Temperature Management with interstage Cooling/Heating A few words about simulators Aspen Kinetics Must put in with “Aspen Units” Equilibrium constants Must put in