1- arizona state university（1 -亚利桑那州立大学）（14页）.docVIP

CHAPTER 12 MEMBRANE TRANSPORT ( 2009 Garland Science Publishing Principles of Membrane Transport 12-1 Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If a statement is false, explain why it is false. A. CO2 and O2 are water-soluble molecules that diffuse freely across cell membranes. B. The differences in permeability between artificial lipid bilayers and cell membranes arise from variations in phospholipid content. C. Transporters are similar to channels, except that they are larger, allowing folded proteins as well as smaller organic molecules to pass through them. D. Cells expend energy in the form of ATP hydrolysis so as to maintain ion concentrations that differ from those found outside the cell. 12-2 Although the extracellular environment has a high sodium ion concentration and the intracellular environment has a high potassium ion concentration, both must be neutralized by negatively charged molecules. In the extracellular case, what is the principal anion? (a) HCO3– (b) Cl– (c) PO43– (d) OH– 12-3 Circle the molecule in each pair that is more likely to diffuse through the lipid bilayer. A. amino acids or benzene B. Cl– or ethanol C. glycerol or RNA D. H2O or O2 E. adenosine or ATP 12-4 We can test the relative permeability of a phospholipid bilayer by using a synthetic membrane that does not contain any protein components. Some uncharged, polar molecules are found to diffuse freely across these membranes, to varying degrees. Which of the following has the lowest rate of diffusion across an artificial membrane? Why? (a) glucose (b) water (c) glycerol (d) ethanol 12-5 For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase should be used only once. A molecule moves down its concentration gradient by __________________ transport, but requires __________________ transport to move up its concentration gradient. Transpo