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a r e v i e w-9th i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o n f e r e n c e（r e v我e w-9th n t e r n a t i o n l c o n f e r e n c e）（36页）.doc

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A REVIEW OF EXPERT SYSTEMS IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE Sharon Manel De Silva MLIS Programme, Faculty of Computer Science Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail:zainab@.my ABSTRACT Reviews 422 published sources on expert system (ES) applications in library and infor-mation science (LIS) domains. The literature was reviewed under five categories which described ES applications in;LIS (general); technical services which include cataloguing and classification; public services which include reference services, information search and retrieval and document delivery; abstracting and indexing and; acquisition and collection development. Keywords: Expert systems; Cataloguing; Classification; Reference services; Abstracting; Indexing; Acquisition; Information search and retrieval; Library science. INTRODUCTION The term expert systems (ES) is used loose-ly and ambiguously as is evident from the literature. Hawks (1994) explains that knowledge-based systems are the broad category of systems that use some know-ledge to perform their functions. They need not use either heuristics or artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in performing their tasks. Intelligent systems are a subset of knowledge-based systems in that they display intelligent behaviour, but not necessarily at the level of a human expert. ES is considered a more specific category and uses heuristics to perform tasks pre-viously done by human experts. In essence, a well-developed ES should provide the same answers that an expert would give when approached with a particular pro-blem. This article considers ES as; (a) a computer system that emulates human in-telligence; (b) a computer system that auto-mates a task that now requires human expertise; and (c) a computer system that models human thought processes. As early as 1971, librarians have been in-terested in ES. Since then, there have been a number of books and articles published that address the potenti