earth science s o l review sheet#1（地球科学(s l o复习表# 1）（24页）.docVIP

Earth Science SOL Review Sheet #1 : Scientific Investigations Essential Knowledge and Skills Measure mass and volume of materials in the lab. Calculate density. Interpret data from a graph or table that shows change in mass, density, or temperature over time. Interpret data from a graph or table that shows change in temperature or pressure with depth. Construct a graph, table, chart, and/or diagram from data. Interpret graphs and diagrams. Use scientific methodology to design and test a hypothesis. Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories and scientific laws. For example, students should be able to compare/contrast the Law of Superposition and the Theory of Plate Tectonics. Make predictions using scientific data and data analysis. Use data to support or reject a hypothesis. Explain how the scientific method is used to validate scientific theories. Important Words You Need to Know: Conclusion: – an answer to a question based on analyzing data and observations gathered in an experiment Constants: things that the researcher keeps the same. This is important because the researcher is examining the effect of only the independent variable in the experiment Control group: a standard of comparison Data: recorded observations and measurements Density: mass per unit volume of a substance, can be expressed as grams per ml or grams per cubic cm Dependent variable: what the researcher observes or measures in the experiment, also called the responding variable Experiment: a test designed to demonstrate the validity of a hypothesis Hypothesis: an educated guess or prediction that can be tested by experiment or observation Independent variable: what the researcher manipulates or purposefully changes Law: a scientific rule that describes the behavior of natural phenomenon Mass: the amount of matter in an object; measured in grams (g) Results: – the data collected during an experiment expressed in paragraph form Theory: a well-tested and widely accepted vie