postmaterialism- u c i social sciences（postmaterialism c - u我社会科学）（43页）.docVIP

Critiques and Counter-Critiques of the Postmaterialism Thesis: Thirty-four Years of Debate Paul R. Abramson Department of Political Science South Kedzie Hall Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1032 Email: abramson@ Paper Prepared for the Global Cultural Changes Conferences Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany University of California, Irvine, U.S.A. March 11, 2011 ABSTRACT I summarize and evaluate published critiques in English and French of Inglehart’s value change thesis, which he first advanced in 1971. I discuss them in the order in which they were published. Where Inglehart or Inglehart and his colleagues reply to a critique, the response follows my summary. Where authors have published more than one critique, I begin with their first and follow it through to their last. I summarize forty-eight critiques, beginning with Ike (1973) and Rokeach (1973) and ending with Lee (2007). I summarize eighteen responses by Inglehart and by Inglehart and his colleagues, beginning with Inglehart (1982) and ending with Inglehart and Abramson (1999). Much of my discussion focuses on two scholars who raise a series of critiques over several years, Flanagan (1979 through 2003) and Clarke (1991 through 2000). I briefly demonstrate that generational replacement was a driving force contributing to the trend toward Postmaterialism. Author’s note: I am grateful to Ani Sarkisian, Brian D. Silver, and Jan W. Van Deth for their comments.Four decades ago Inglehart (1971) reported that younger Europeans held substantially different values than did their elders. Whereas older Europeans tended to value material security and domestic order, younger Europeans were more likely to value political liberties. Inglehart labeled these priorities as “acquisitive” and “post-bourgeois,” but he subsequently (1977) used the terms “Materialist” and “Postmaterialist.” Although he had surveys in Britain, France, West Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, and Be