lectu的re one introduction to linguistics.pptVIP

Welcome to the course of linguistics! Chapter I Introduction Why study language? What is language? What is linguistics? Chapter I Introduction Why study language Language 2.1 Definition 2.2 Origin 2.3 Design features 2.4 Functions 1. Why study language Difficulties in learning linguistics： 1) concepts 术语问题 2）theories语言学理论问题 3）learning methods学习习惯问题 At the beginning, boring, abstract, far from daily life and FL learning? Difficult! Interesting, concrete, close to daily life and helpful to our learning. Know what and also why! 2.1 Definition of Language 2.1 Definition of Language 2.1 Definition of Language 2.2 origin of Language 2.2 origin of Language 2.3 Design features of Language 2.3 Design features of Language 2.3 Design features of Language 4) Displacement 移位性 stimulus free (genereralization and abstraction) animal “immediate stimulus control”. free from barriers by separation in time and space. MORE ? Cultural transmission: more cultural than genetic a wolf child Interchangeability: both a producer and a receiver Genie 1957年4月出生，从20个月起被关在小房子里，发出任何声音就受到父亲惩罚；大部分时间被捆在婴儿椅，或在婴儿床的睡袋里，床上罩着金属丝网 14岁时被发现，基本无语言。 给予语言训练，但语法进步缓慢。 两词句，正常孩子只要几个星期，但她超过5个月 使用No Mummy go这样的句式超过两年 难以学会疑问句 （Boeckx，2010：51） Chimpanzees and language: Gua, Viki, Washoe, Sarah and Lana Non-human primates do not have a physically structured vocal tract which is suitable for producing human speech sounds. Apes and gorillas can, like chimpanzees, communicate with a wide range of vocal calls, but they just cannot speak. 2.3 Design features of Language Summary of design features Language Is Human SpecificThere are certain characteristics of human language that are not found in the communication system of any other species. Attempts to teach animals more complicated systems have ended in failure. Human children can acquire language with ease, and without intensive and directed instruction. Yet, animals lack the capacity to learn. They do not have the mental cap