Lesson 2 Forces and Their.docVIP

专 业 英 语 Lesson 2 Forces and Their Effects Terminology Text tour Terminology Compressive Serving to or able to compress 压缩的：起压缩作用或能够压缩的 Turning The shaping of metal or wood on a lathe 车削：用车床将金属或木材加工成型的过程 Lathe 车床 Rectilinear[,rektilini?] Moving in, consisting of, bounded by, or characterized by a straight line or lines: 直线的：以直线运动的，向直线组成的，以直线为边的，具有直线之特点的 micrometer 千分尺 Thread A helical or spiral ridge on a screw, nut, or bolt 螺纹：螺钉、螺母或螺栓上螺旋型的凸棱 Shaper Text tour A study of any machine or mechanism shows that each is made up of movable parts. These parts transform a given motion to a desired motion. In other words, these machines perform work. Work is done when motion results from the application of force. Thus, a study of mechanics and machines deals with forces and the effects of forces on bodies. 参考译文：研究表明机器或者机构都是由若干运动零件组成的。这些零件将给定运动转换成目标运动。换句话说，这些机器做功。因为力的作用产生运动而做功。因此，力学和机械（学）研究力以及力对物体的影响。 A force is a push or pull. The effect of a force either changes the shape or motion of a body or prevents other forces from making such changes. Every force produces a stress in the part on which it is applied. Forces may be produced by an individual using muscular action or by machines with mechanical motion. 参考译文：力分为推力和拉力，力可以改变物体的形状或运动状态或者防止其他力作这样的改变。施加在零件上的力会在其内部产生应力。力可以由个人的肌肉活动或者由机器的机械运动产生。 Forces are produced by physical or chemical change, gravity, or changes in motion. When a force is applied which tends to stretch an object, it is called a tensile force. A part experiencing a tensile force is said to be intension. A force can also be applied which tends to shorten or squeeze the object. Such a force is a compressive force. 参考译文：力由物理或化学变化、地心引力或者运动变化产生。当力用于拉伸物体时叫拉力。零件受拉力作用被称为受拉（处于拉伸状态）。力也可用于缩短或挤压物体，这种力叫压力。 A third force is known as a torsional force, or a torque since it tends to twist an object. Still another kind of force, which seems to make the layers or molecules [m?likjuls] of a material slide or slip on one another, is a shearing force. 参考译文： （我们知