COA课件03解读.ppt

William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 8th Edition 补充知识：二进制 binary system 二进制 Unsigned integer 无符号整数 decimal system 十进制 binary system 二进制 Range 数值范围 D：0～99…99n=0～10n-1 B： 0～2n-1 例如：四位b3b2b1b0可表示0000至1111共24=16个数 N位的二进制地址编码可以在2N个存储“字”中确定一个“字”寻址范围(addressing range)或称为存储空间(memory space) D to B D 转换 B 例如：172 D = ( ? )B 商数 余数 二进制数 172/2 86 0 最小有效位 86/2 43 0 43/2 21 1 21/2 10 1 10/2 5 0 5/2 2 1 2/2 1 0 1/2 0 1 最大有效位 172 D =B Hexadecimal system十六进制 系数取值范围 0，1，…，9，A（10），B（11），C（12），D（13），E（14），F（15 ） 转换 1010 1101 1000 0101B=A D 8 5H =（A x 163+D x 162+8 x 161+5 x 160）D B/KB/MB/GB 单位换算 1 byte (B) = 8 bits (b) 字节=8个二进制位 1Kilobyte(K/KB)=210 bytes=1,024 bytes 千字节 1Megabyte(M/MB)=220 bytes=1,048,576 bytes 兆字节 1Gigabyte(G/GB)=230bytes=1,073,741,824bytes 千兆字节 William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture6th Edition Chapter 3 A Top-Level View of Computer Function and Interconnection 顶层计算机的功能和互连 系统总线 1.Components The Control Unit and the Arithmetic and Logic Unit constitute the Central Processing Unit Data and instructions need to get into the system and results out Input/output Temporary storage of code and results is needed Main memory 2.Structure of components Memory structure: Memory contains of N storage locations, called word, of M digits( bits ). Both data and instructions are stored there. Data( numbers ) are represented in binary form. Instructions also are binary code form. Each storage location has a serial number to sign its position, the serial number calls address, from 0 to N-1. Memory structure I/O structure In an abstracted and simplified view, I/O is similar to memory. CPU structure Instruction Register(I