语言学l^inguistic.pptVIP

Part 1 命题演讲--4 Olympic Games in My Heart What function do the following instances refer to? What function do the following instances refer to? Oral questions Part 1 命题演讲--4 Olympic Games in My Heart 1. What is linguistics? Linguistics is a Pilot Science Linguistics is a radically interdisciplinary and self-reflexive enterprise and should not remain the business of a few specialists. (Saussure,1959); It lays the foundation for cognitive science, psychology, computer technology and artificial intelligence, etc. 1. What is linguistics? Linguistics is the scientific study of language. not just one language of any society, but languages of all human societies. study: investigation or examination rather than learning; scientific: based on the systematic investigation of data, conducted with reference to some general theory of language structure. Task of a linguist: In a word, linguistics studies the general principles upon which all languages are constructed and operate as systems of communication in the societies in which they are used. 1. What is linguistics? Scientific process for linguistic study to observe certain linguistic facts→ to make generalizations→ to formulate hypotheses→ to further test the hypotheses→to construct a theory 1. What is linguistics? principles to be followed exhaustiveness consistency economy objectivity 2. Some basic distinctions a. speech vs writing The primacy of speech over writing is one general principle of linguistic analysis. Speech as the primary medium of language for3 reasons. Speech is prior to writing historically. Genetically, children learn to speak before they learn to write. The primacy of speech can be seen in the forms writing systems use. Alphabetic writing (The written forms represent individual sounds, like English, French, etc.) Syllabic writing (The written forms represent syllables) Logographic writing (The written forms represent individual words, such as Chinese.) 2. Some basic di