02_C和omputer_Evolution_and_Performance.pptVIP

Fifth Generation – Artificial Intelligence The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization. are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. Internet Resources / Search for the Intel Museum Charles Babbage Institute PowerPC Intel Developer Home * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Chapter 2 Computer Evolution and Performance The Five Generations of Computers First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes Second Generation (1956-1963) Transistors Third Generation (1964-1971) Integrated Circuits Fourth Generation (1971-Present) Microprocessors Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) Artificial Intelligence First Generation - ENIAC computer was the first general-purpose electronic computer In 1946, John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert developed the ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator) sponsored by American military the army needed a computer for calculating artillery-firing tables, the settings used for different weapons under varied conditions for target accuracy. It took the team about one year to design the ENIAC and 18 months and 500,000 tax dollars to build it By that time, the war was over. The ENIAC was still put to work by the military doing calculations for the design of a hydrogen bomb, weather prediction, cosmic-ray studies, thermal ignition, random-number studies and wind-tunnel design. ENIAC - details The ENIAC contain: 20 accumulators of 10 digits 18,000 vacuum tubes 30 tons 15,000 square feet 140 kW power consumption In one second, the ENIAC can perform: 5,000 additions 357 multiplications 38 divisions ENIAC vacuum tubes as logic gates First Generation - von Neumann machine In 1948, Doctor John Von Neumann made several modifications to the ENIAC Stored Program concept - keeps its programmed instructions, as well as its data, in read-write, random-access memory (RAM) M