论魏源反侵略的爱国主义史学思想[精选].doc

论魏源反侵略的爱国主义史学思想 [摘要]：魏源所处的时代,是我国由封建社会向半殖民地半封建社会急剧变化的时代。在魏源的全部思想中，最可贵、最有光辉的是他从总结鸦片战争失败的教训中所表现的强烈的反抗外国资本主义侵略的爱国思想，编译《海国图志》,编撰《圣武记》,总结鸦片战争的失败教训,集中反映了魏源的爱国情怀。魏源身世坎坷,主张经世致用,改革弊政,富国强兵,但最终壮志未遂。其有些著作后流入东瀛,对日本的明治维新有较大影响。但由于特定的历史背景、魏源作为地主阶级知识分子的特殊身份和传统夷夏观的长期浸染等不同因素的影响,而不可避免表现出一定的局限性。 [关键词]：魏源 ；爱国主义；史学思想 Patriotism history thought invades which by Wei Yuan （Grade 2009.School of the Humanities and Sociology.Anqing Normal College. Anqing ,China.246011） abstract: The Wei source locates the time, is our country by the feudal society to the semicolonial and semifeudal society rapid change time. In Wei source complete thought that what is most valuable, most has the glory is he the intense revolt foreign capital principle aggression patriotism which displays from the summary Opium War defeats lesson, translates Maritime country Chart Will, compiles Saint Military To record, summarizes Opium Wars defeat lesson, concentrated reflection Wei Yuan patriotic mood. The Wei source life experience is rough, advocates governs of very practical use, reform shortcoming politics, enrich the country and strengthen its military power, but final determination attempted. After its some works, flows in Japan, has to Japans Meiji Restoration affects greatly. But because the specific historical perspective, Wei Yuan are contaminated for a long time as the landlord class intellectuals special status and the traditional barbarian tribes and china view and so on different factor influence, but displays certain limitation inevitably. key words: Wei Yuan; Patriotism; History study thought 人们谈论历史人物，往往先从时代背景说起，认为时势造英雄，纵使怎样的豪杰逸才，总是在特定的时代条件下，做时代要求做并且允许做的事情。这自是不错的。但似乎还可以反过来考虑，为何在同样的时代背景、条件下，有人能做出惊天动地的伟业，有人却平平庸庸，碌碌无为；有人能随潮流前进，有人却落伍甚至逆流而动？古人治史，向来强调“知人论世”，以“知人”为先，确有道理。因此，现在我们来谈到魏源反侵略的爱国主义史学思想时也应先知其人其时。 一、魏源反侵略的爱国主义史学思想产生的背景 魏源(1794---1857) 又名远达，字墨深，又字墨生、汉士。魏源所处的时代，是中国由封建社会向半殖民地半封建社会急剧变化的时代。 当魏源出生的时候，清朝封建统治的“康乾盛世”已成过眼烟云，正在下坡路上急速滑落。嘉庆一朝，全国大部分地区烧起了白莲教起义的烽火，接着是道光初年的西北回民起义。 广大农民的起义斗争，猛烈地摇撼了清朝统治。到魏源的青壮年时