subduction zones- benioff zonewithpatternofseismicity（贝尼奥夫zonewithpatternofseismicity俯冲带）.docVIP

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subduction zones- benioff zonewithpatternofseismicity（贝尼奥夫zonewithpatternofseismicity俯冲带）.doc

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?EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY An earthquake is a naturally produced shock event which causes the Earth to vibrate. Of interest are: their effect why they occur where they occur scientific study of the Earths interior and dynamics: the structure of the Earth, composition of the Earth kinematics and dynamic of plate tectonics. How many Earthquakes? EQs (earthquakes) are very common, many thousands per day all over the world., e.g. map for 22-29th Oct 2003: Most are weak (low energy) and undetected. Here are those with Mag 2.5 (see later for definition) for the past week: Update time = Wed Oct 29 12:00:04 UTC 2003 MAG DATE UTC-TIME LAT LON DEPTH region y/m/d h:m:s deg deg km map 2.8 2003/10/29 11:21:33 61.650 -150.210 45.0 SOUTHERN ALASKA map 2.8 2003/10/29 10:19:08 63.087 -144.253 5.0 CENTRAL ALASKA map 3.5 2003/10/29 07:25:52 57.460 -143.110 1.0 GULF OF ALASKA map 3.1 2003/10/29 07:18:29 34.659 -116.295 1.6 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA map 2.5 2003/10/29 03:34:52 62.972 -152.859 180.0 CENTRAL ALASKA map 2.9 2003/10/29 02:54:35 63.585 -147.866 1.0 CENTRAL ALASKA……. ………………………………………………… map 3.5 2003/10/22 19:23:16 51.479 -176.185 23.7 ANDREANOF ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN IS., ALASKA map 3.0 2003/10/22 17:57:27 51.223 -178.156 14.4 ANDREANOF ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN IS., ALASKA Large Earthquakes Large energy EQs are rare but cause wide scale social disruption. July 1976? Tangshan, China? 650,000 fatalities May 1970? Lima, Peru??? 66,000 fatalities May 1927? Nan-Shan, China? 200,000 fatalities Sept. 1923? Tokyo, Japan?? 143,000? fatalities Largest Recorded Earthquake Chile 1960 May 22 19:11:14 UTC, Magnitude 9.5 More than 2,000 killed, 3,000 injured, 2,000,000 homeless, and $550 million damage in southern Chile; Tsunami caused 61 deaths, $75 million damage in Hawaii; 138 deaths and $50 million damage in Japan; 32 dead and missing in the Phillippines; and $500,000 damage to the wes