Chapter 3 Surfactents解析.ppt

Chapter 3 Surfactants Surfactants Definition：Surfactants are substances that adding only a small amount in the solution can significantly reduce the surface tension and change the interface state 。 Surfactants are wetting agents that lower the surface tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading, and lower the interfacial tension between two liquids 。 Surface tension The surface tension of the liquid is from the van der Waals force between the atoms or molecules of the substance. Surface tension of the liquid is caused by the different environment between surface molecules and inner molecules Concepts of Surfactants Surfactant molecule: A hydrophilic (water-loving) head (attracted to water molecules)+ a hydrophobic (water-hating) tail (repels water and simultaneously attaches itself to oil and grease in dirt interfacial adsorption 界面吸附 临界胶束浓度 (Critical Micelle Concentration, CMC) 亲水亲油平衡值(?Hydrophile-lipophile balance, HLB) Critical Micelle Concentration CMC is an important indicator for performance of the surfactant. Concentration of the surfactant micelles begin to form as the critical micelle concentration reached. When lower than CMC, due to the surfactant molecules adsorption and interface orientation, the surface tension of the solution rapidly decreased with increasing surfactant concentration. When up to the CMC, the surface active agent has been arranged in a monolayer at the interface of the solution, then the surface tension of the bottom out. Balance… 表面张力 渗透力 CMC 表面活性剂浓度 去污力 起泡力 溶液性质 图2-3 表面活性剂浓度与溶液性质的关系 Hydrophile-lipophile balance, HLB HLB: The ratio of intensity of hydrophilic group and the lipophilic group in the surfactant molecules Performance of surfactant depends on the hydrophilic and lipophilic two parts in the surfactant structure, result in different range of applications and application performance. Classification and Application Performance of Surfactant 1. Classification By type of ion： hydrophilic group Ionic surfactant