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thecoseismicdeformationsofthe1997 umbria- marche（thecoseismicdeformationsofthe1997翁布里亚-马尔什）.doc

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The coseismic ground deformations of the 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquakes: a lesson for the development of new GPS networks Marco Anzidei Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Centro Nazionale Terremoti, Via di Vigna Murata, 605 Roma Abstract After the occurrence of the two main shocks Mw=5.7 (00.33 GMT) and Mw=6.0 (09:40 GMT), on September 26, 1997, which caused severe damaged and ground cracks in a wide area of the Umbria Marche region [Tosi et al., 1999], the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica in cooperation with the Istituto Geografico Militare Italiano, with the aim to detect the coseismic ground deformations, reoccupied 13 geodetic monuments placed across the epicentral area, belonging to the first order Italian GPS network IGM95 [Surace, 1993] and to the Tyrgeonet [Anzidei et al., 1995]. These stations consist in i) concrete pillars, ii) markers fixed on the ground or iii) markers placed on stable, small concrete buildings, undamaged by the coseismic ground shaking. Surveys were performed using advanced dual frequency Trimble 4000 SSE/SSI GPS receivers equipped with geodetic antennas placed on tripods as well as on pillars through IGM type mount [Anzidei et al., 1998; Anzidei et al., 1999]. The IGM95 network, which consists in about 1260 vertices located in the whole Italy [Surace, 1993; 1997], was planned for land surveys and cartography and specifically designed to be measured through GPS technique with the primary scope to provide a set of reference 3-D coordinates for each station, based on the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84). The average accuracy of this network was estimated at about 35 mm and 22 mm at 95% confidence level in the vertical and horizontal components, respectively [Surace, 1997]. Although data were too weak to provide significant results on the aseismic strain at the strain rates expected for the Apennine chain in the few years right after the completion of the network, the location of the geodetic monuments and the re-a