the geography disciplineofthe united states geological（美国地质地理disciplineofthe）.docVIP

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the geography disciplineofthe united states geological（美国地质地理disciplineofthe）.doc

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DRAFT March 2, 2007 A PROPOSAL TO ADOPT AIRBORNE CALIBRATION METHODS FOR THE FILM BASED CAMERA =================================== BACKGROUND: Since 1973 the US Geological Survey (USGS) has had the responsibility for calibrating airborne mapping cameras for the national aerial mapping community. The calibrations are currently accomplished at the Reston facility by laboratory methods in a well- controlled environment. Results of the laboratory methods include estimates of the values of the elements of camera interior orientation and lens resolution. The Global Positioning System (GPS) has made it possible, when imagery is processed with a nearby base station and when using post processing methods, to determine the individual photo exposure station coordinates to an accuracy of several centimeters. When GPS imagery is collected over a suitably targeted and controlled range, environmental influences on the elements of interior orientation will be included in the resulting calibration. This approach is termed “in situ” calibration and results in a more accurate estimate of the camera’s interior orientation, a lower cost of operational resources, and more convenience. This paper discusses in situ calibration procedures, spatial accuracies compared to those produced by laboratory methods and typical calibration range requirements. To conclude, it is proposed that the in situ method be adopted as an alternative to the currently required laboratory method of calibration. THE IN SITU METHOD OF CALIBRATION: Preparations for this method of calibration include the instrumentation of the aircraft with the camera and GPS equipment. After the GPS antenna has been installed, the spatial offset coordinate values between the camera entrance node and the GPS phase center are measured. These measurements are in a system parallel to the camera coordinate system and can readily be accomplished in the field to an accuracy of a few millimeters. Recent research has indicated that t