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a m b a l a t i s s u e s- website staff u i（一个桶l t i s s u e s - u我网站员工）（6页）.doc

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AMBALAT ISSUES A Preliminary Study on the problem of Indonesia Territorial Boundaries Djoko Harmantyo (1) (1) Departement of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Univ. of Indonesia Abstract Territory is a term to indicate an area over which right of ownership is exercised and which can be delimited or bounded in some way. The ownership of territory is formal and may be legally enforced. Each territory itself may be divided into a number of divisions based on two main reasons. First, it is based on empirical justification and second, it is derived by its conflict characteristic. The filtering role of boundaries and the calculus of conflict may also be used to understand the others meaning of territorial division. The ownership of territory, whether at the tribal level in an earlier period of conflict between the people occupying these region, or, between superpowers to day, much of this conflict is concerned with disputes over territory. Ambalat issues is an urgently Indonesia territorial conflicts over sea-waters boundaries. Theoritically, Indonesia has the source of conflicts over its territorial boundary of tens neighbours countries respectively. This study attempt to observe concisely the Ambalat disputes areas over Indonesia territorial boundaries related to national sovereignty and the property rights of exploring and exploitating the mineral resources over the Exclusive Economic Zones and the Contiguous Zones. Keyword : territorial boundary, spatial conflict, souvereignty right, geopolitic INTRODUCTION The International Court and Justice on December 17, 2002, issued that the ownership of Ligitan and Sipadan islands is under Malaysian territory jurisdiction. As a consequence, that decision may influence Indonesian maritime boundary around the Ligitan and Sipadan islands. While based on the Indonesia Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) those Ambalat areas suppose to be under the Indonesia territory. Diplomacy efforts have been car