an overviewonthe ancient chartsin china（一个中国古代chartsin overviewonthe）（9页）.docVIP

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an overviewonthe ancient chartsin china（一个中国古代chartsin overviewonthe）（9页）.doc

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An Overview on the Ancient Charts in China From the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century Zhu Jianqiu, Li Hanrong and Zhujin Tianjin Institute of Hydrographic Surveying and Charting, P.R China Fax: (8622) Introduction The cartography in China has passed through a long history of development. As early as more than 2000 years ago, there were topographic maps of high quality appeared. The marine cartography has also been developed quite early in China. It is recorded in the ancient books that there are original nautical charts appeared in the twelfth century; nevertheless, they haven’t been handed down. The earliest charts which have been preserved till now are Guide Chart for Seaway drawn in the fifteenth century. This paper discusses respectively several main ancient charts in China from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. Guide Chart for Seaway Guide Chart for Seaway was included in Talking about Seaway as an annex. Talking about Seaway is a book similar to the current Sailing Directions. Talking about Seaway was written around the years from 1411 to 1415 without presenting the author’s name (Fig.1). The book summed up the predecessors’ experience in navigating. Guide Chart for Seaway is possibly based on the nautical charts drawn in a still earlier period, from twelfth century to the fourteenth century. Guide Chart for Seaway is composed of 6 sheets that can make up a long sheet in all. The coordinate of the chart indicates the right side of the chart directs to the south, the left side to the north, the upside to the east and the down one to the west. The chart covers the area that starts from Nanjing in the west, goes eastward along Yangtze River down to the sea, from there, the river mouth, goes separately southward along the coast to Ningbo and northward along the coast to Liaodong Peninsula. The contents in Guide Chart for Seaway are in a simple form. There are riverbanks, coastline and notes for place names presented along the coast