e x p e r i m e n t4- universityof california, san diego（e x p e r m e n t4 -加州大学圣地亚哥）（17页）.docVIP

EXPERIMENT #4 Charge to Mass ratio of the Electron GOALS Physics Measure the charge-to-mass ratio e/m for electrons of a given kinetic energy moving in a magnetic field. Technique A low pressure Hg gas filled tube and electron accelerator are supplied with radius posts for doing the measurement. Helmholtz coils are supplied for producing a uniform magnetic field. Try plotting I2 (in magnet) vs. l/r2 for each V in order to spot systematic errors. Error Analysis You should calculate your best estimate x0 = and your “standard error” as from your N measurements xi of e/m. Question (work out the following before coming to 2D lab ) Which causes a larger error in your e/m measurement: (a) a 5% error in V, the acceleration voltage; or (b) a 2% error in x, the separation between the coils of the Helmholtz magnet? (Note: B = if b=x/2 = a/2) Important Constants e/m = 1.76 x 1011 coulomb/kg = 4? x 10-7 weber/ampere-meter References Serway, Moses, Moyer, Modern Physics, 2nd Edition ISBN # 0-03-004844-3, pages 373-374 Giancolli, Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 2nd Edition ISBN # 0-13-666322-2, pages 640-642 BACKGROUND AND THEORY The charge-to-mass ratio e/m of the electron involves two numbers which are independently regarded as fundamental constants of physics. Yet this ratio itself can be said to be a fundamental constant in its own right because: first, its determination actually led to the discovery of the electron by J. J. Thomson in 1897, and second, any equation of motion which involves electrodynamic forces on the electron brings the charge and mass together as this ratio. It was known in the nineteenth century that it took a certain quantity of electrical charge to deposit out of solution one gram-atomic weight of any univalent ion, i.e., a mass (in grams) equal to the atomic weight of the element. Faraday had determined this fact, and that particular quantity of charge -- 96,488 coulombs -