oceanography2 lab1 map skills（oceanography2 lab1地图技能）（8页）.docVIP

Oceanography 2 Location, Direction, and Distance on Nautical Charts Please read Appendix III in the textbook for reference. Learning Objectives for the first nautical chart Lab Use the latitude-longitude system to describe location on a map or chart. Describe the angles used to define latitude and longitude within a globe. Use a scale to determine distance between two points on a map or chart. Describe a compass direction in terms of a bearing. Identify the locations of true north and magnetic north on the globe, as well as the reasons for their positions. What is a chart? A chart is a special kind of map that is used for nautical navigation. It usually shows the bathymetry (water depths) of coastal areas, navigational features such as buoys and lighthouses, and the shape of the coastline. The chart we will use in this lab is NOAA chart 18685 of Monterey Bay. I Location, location, location: all about Latitude and Longitude Lines of latitude and longitude are used to locate positions on maps and charts. Lines of latitude are imaginary lines that run parallel to the equator. They are labeled by their angular distance north or south of the equator as shown below. Lines of longitude run from pole to pole and are labeled by their angular distance east or west of Greenwich, England. The north-south line that runs through Greenwich, England is known as the Prime Meridian. The angular unit of “degrees” is traditionally broken into units called “minutes.” There are 60 minutes in a degree. In other words, a minute is 1/60th of a degree. 1. Label a few examples of lines of latitude and lines of longitude on the globe above left. Lines paralleling the equator are lines of latitude. Lines extending from the north to the south pole are lines of longitude. See the left part of the image above. Lines of latitude and longitude are named using angles. Angles are measured in units of degrees. The Degree The degree is the basic unit of measure for an angle. A ri