n o t e s f o r d a t a a n a l y s i s（n o f t e s o r d t n y l我年代）（37页）.docVIP

CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, SACRAMENTO College of Business Administration NOTES FOR DATA ANALYSIS [Ninth Edition] Manfred W. Hopfe, Ph.D. Stanley A. Taylor, Ph.D.  NOTES FOR DATA ANALYSIS [Ninth Edition] As stated in previous editions, the topics presented in this publication, which we have produced to assist our students, have been heavily influenced by the Making Statistics More Effective in Schools of Business Conferences held throughout the United States. The first conference was held at the University of Chicago in 1986. The School of Business Administration at California State University, Sacramento, hosted the tenth annual conference June 15-17, 1995. Most recent conferences were held at Babson College, (June 1999) and Syracuse University (June 2000). As with any publication in its developmental stages, there will be errors. If you find any errors, we ask for your feedback since this is a dynamic publication we continually revise. Throughout the semester you will be provided additional handouts to supplement the material in this book. StatGraphics Plus for Windows (ver 4.0), the statistical software used in MIS 101 and MIS 206, will work only on a Pentium chip computer. For the chapter discussions, the term StatGraphics is generic for StatGraphics? Plus for Windows (ver 4.0) Manfred W. Hopfe, Ph.D. Stanley A. Taylor, Ph.D. Carmichael, California August 2000  TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 6 Statistics vs. Parameters 6 Mean and Variance 6 Sampling Distributions 7 Normal Distribution 7 Confidence Intervals 8 Hypothesis Testing 8 P-Values 9 QUALITY -- COMMON VS. SPECIFIC VARIATION 10 Common And Specific Variation 10 Stable And Unstable Processes 11 CONTROL CHARTS 14 Types Of Control Charts 18 Continuous Data 19 X-Bar and R Charts 19 P Charts 22 C Charts 24 Conclusion 25 TRANSFORMATIONS RANDOM WALK 28