清华科技英语读2.pptVIP

Selected English Readings for Science and Technology Presented by Dr. James Zhang Text 1, topic one Title: The inflation debate -- Detailed study of some difficulties Page 38 1. He argued that even if the universe… Page 40 Quantum effects Random fluctuations Spatial variation: cause inflation to end at different times in different regions Gives birth to stars and galaxies Page 41 2. we could ignore bad inflation if it were incompatible with life. In that case, … 3. not only is bad inflation more likely than good inflation, but no inflation is more likely than either. 4. In 2008 Gary W. Gibbons of the university of Cambridge … Page 42 Coins analogy There is no way to judge which coin is more likely when the number of coins is infinite. There is no way to judge which kind of island is more likely in an eternally inflating universe. Group Discussion Alternative explanations: p 42-43 1. special initial state hypothesis 2. weighing measure 3. volume measure 4. anthropic principle measure Text 2, Topic 1 Living in a quantum world Schodinger’s cat Schr?dingers Cat: A cat, a flask of poison and a radioactive source are placed in a sealed box. If an internal monitor detects radioactivity, the flask is shattered, releasing the poison that kills the cat. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics implies that after a while, the cat is simultaneously alive and dead. Yet, when we look in the box, we see the cat either alive or dead, not both alive and dead. Entanglement （缠绕） The connections between ordinary objects are fleeting and superficial. Two atoms may collide and separate, never to meet again. Others can stick together by virtue of the chemical bonds they form, until the day that bond is broken. But there is another type of connection that is far more powerful and romantic. Certain objects can become linked by a mysterious process called entanglement. Particles that become entangled are deeply connected regardless of the distance between them. If they beco