L5_Cha2英文版原子物理课件.pptVIP

2.3 Fine structure 2.3.1 Spin of the electron_1 2.3.1 Spin of the electron_2 2.3.1 Spin of the electron_3 2.3.1 Spin of the electron_3 2.3.1 Spin of the electron_4 2.3.2 The spin-orbit interaction_1 2.3.2 The spin-orbit interaction_2 2.3.2 The spin-orbit interaction_3 2.3.2 The spin-orbit interaction_4 2.3.2 The spin-orbit interaction_5 2.3.2 The spin-orbit interaction_6 2.3.2 The spin-orbit interaction_7 2.3.2 The spin-orbit interaction_8 2.3.3 The fine structure of hydrogen_1 2.3.3 The fine structure of hydrogen_2 2.3.3 The fine structure of hydrogen_3 2.3.3 The fine structure of hydrogen_4 2.3.3 The fine structure of hydrogen_5 2.3.3 The fine structure of hydrogen_6 2.3.4 The Lamb shift_1 2.3.4 The Lamb shift_2 2.3.4 The Lamb shift_3 2.3.4 The Lamb shift_4 2.3.4 The Lamb shift_5 2.3.5 The Transitions between fine-structure levels_1 2.3.5 The Transitions between fine-structure levels_2 * *Shanxi University Atomic Physics Relativistic effects lead to small splittings of the atomic energy levels called fine structure. We estimated the size of this structure in Section 1.4 by comparing the speed of electrons in classical orbits with the speed of light. In this section we look at how to calculate fine structure by treating relativistic effects as a perturbation to the solutions of the Schrodinger equation. This approach requires the concept that electrons have spin. 菲细骑验债隔砸萎助恍峡乙震坊疑量责冰夏滋太哟请上注酌规彬殴汇烧砸L5_Cha2英文版原子物理课件L5_Cha2英文版原子物理课件 In addition to the evidence provided by observations of the fine structure itself, that is described in this section, two other experiments showed that the electron has spin angular momentum, not just orbital angular momentum. One of these pieces of experimental evidence for spin was the observation of the so-called anomalous Zeeman effect. For many atoms, e.g. hydrogen and sodium, the splitting of their spectral lines in a magnetic field does not have the pattern predicted by the normal Zeeman effect (that we found classically in Section 1.