科技英语23.pptVIP

Computer Viruses计算机病毒 The origin of this term came from an American science fiction “The adolescence of P-1” written by Thomas J. Ryan, published in 1977. 该名词最早出现于美国作家Thomas J. Ryan于1977年发表的科幻小说“P-1的青春期”。 Human Viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However, computer viruses are small programs. They replicate themselves and attach their copies to another program. 人体病毒侵入生命细胞并将其变为病毒的“生产工厂”。然而，计算机病毒则是一些小的程序，它们可以自我复制并将其粘贴于其它程序之中。 Once attached to the host program, the viruses then look for other programs to “infect”. In this way, the virus can speed quickly throughout a hard disk, or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multi-user system. 只要一粘附于宿主程序，病毒就会寻找其它的程序将其感染。通过这种方式，当一个局域网或一个多用户系统受到感染之后，计算机病毒会迅速扩散到整个硬盘甚至整个组织。 Likewise, the mode of attack varies. So-called “benign” viruses might simply display a message, like the one that infected IBM’s main compute system last Christmas with a season’s greeting; while malignant viruses are designed to damage the system, the attack is to wipe out data, to delete files, or to format the hard disk. 同样，病毒发作的方式也不尽相同。所谓的“良性病毒”可能仅仅是显示一条信息，比如上个圣诞节IBM的主机系统感染的病毒，它只是一个节日的问候。然而恶性病毒的设计却能破坏系统，这种病毒发作会毁掉数据、删除文件或者将硬盘格式化。 There are four main types of viruses: shell, intrusive, operating system and source code. 病毒主要有四种类型：外壳型病毒，嵌入式病毒，操作系统型病毒和源码型病毒。 Shell viruses wrap themselves around a host program and do not modify the original program. Shell programs are easy to write, which is why about half of viruses are of this type. 外壳型病毒将其自身隐藏于宿主程序附近但并不修改原文件。外壳型病毒很容易编写，这也是为什么病毒中有一半属于这种类型的原因。 Intrusive viruses invade an existing program and actually insert a portion of themselves into the host program. Intrusive viruses are hard to write and very difficult to remove without damaging the host file. 嵌入式病毒会侵入已有程序，并将自身的一部分插入到宿主程序中。嵌入式病毒很难编写，而且在不损害主文件的前提下很难去除。 Shell an