Lec.0 communication theory.pptVIP

Data and Computer Communications Introduction Computer Network An interconnected collection of autonomous computers. Two computers are said to be interconnected if they are able to exchange information. A system with one control unit and many slaves is not a network. Computer Network (Cont.) Computer Network (Cont.) A Communications Model Source Generates data to be transmitted Transmitter Converts data into transmittable signals Transmission system Carries data Receiver Converts received signal into data Destination Takes incoming data Simplified Communications Model - Diagram Key Communications Tasks Transmission system utilization Interfacing Signal generation Synchronization Exchange management Error detection and correction Addressing and routing Recovery Message formatting Security Network management Network Hardware Simplified Data Communications Model Networking Point to point communication not usually practical Devices are too far apart Large set of devices would need impractical number of connections Solution is a communications network Simplified Network Model Local Area Networks Smaller scope Building or small campus Usually owned by same organization as attached devices Data rates much higher Usually broadcast systems Now some switched systems and ATM are being introduced Local Area Networks (Cont.) MAN Metropolitan Area Network Support data and voice No switching elements Standard: DQDB  (Distributed Queue Dual Bus) Two unidirectional buses to which all the computers are connected. Each bus has a head-end, a device that initiates transmission activity. Traffic that is destined for a computer to the right of the sender uses the upper bus, traffics to the left uses the lower one. Wide Area Networks Large geographical area Crossing public rights of way Rely in part on common carrier circuits Alternative technologies Circuit switching Packet switching Frame relay Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) Wide Area Networks (Cont.) Host (end syste